1931年大水灾与国民政府应对灾害的资金筹募对策

Flood 1931 and National Government's fundraising strategies responding to the disaster

1931年江淮大水席卷江淮流域8省2市,直接冲击了南京国民政府的经济和赋税重心。正忙于"统一"和建设的南京国民政府,此时不得不组建救济水灾委员会这一事权极大的中央专门救灾机构,以财政部部长宋子文为委员长,以经济中心上海为总部驻地。该机构的重要职能之一即为筹募赈款。通过筹募机制的探索,形成了国库拨款、赈灾公债、美麦借款、加征税收、摊派捐款和社会募捐等多种赈款筹集方式。透过这些方式,可以窥见国民政府在国家与社会、中央与地方两个向度上的努力进程及其特点。

1931 Flood swept the Yangtze River Huaihe River with 8 Provinces and 2 Municipalities,a direct impact on the Nanjing National Government＇s economic and tax focus.Busy with unification and construction of the Nation-state,The National Government had to form a Central Committee of the powers specialized relief agencies.The Minister of Finance TV Soong as chairman of the committee,economic center of Shanghai as the headquarters of the agency,Shows one of the important functions of the agency shall raise relief money.By raising mechanism,such as treasury funding,debt relief,the U.S.wheat loan,the tax levy,assessed contributions and community donations,the government raised huge amounts of money to relief.Beyond the implementation of these methods,you can get a glimpse of the National Government＇s efforts on the two dimensions,in which the state and society,the central and local government interact and co-operate well.