上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚暴露水平

Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai

目的 通过对上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）含量的测定和分析,了解该地区人群中PBDEs的暴露水平及其相关影响因素.方法 于2006年9月至2007年4月在上海市某医院对48名产妇进行问卷调查,并采集其乳汁样本,产妇均为单胎妊娠,排除高血压、糖尿病、HIV感染和不良用药史.采用气相色谱-负化学电离源-质谱法测定乳汁中7种PBDE同族体[溴代联苯醚（BDE）-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153和BDE-183]的含量,并分析其影响因素.结果 产妇乳汁中7种PBDEs（∑,PBDEs）浓度中位数为8.81 ng/g脂重（lipid weight,1w）,浓度范围为1.92-41.55 ng/g 1w.BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-100、BDE-99、BDE-154、BDE-153、BDE-183检出率分别为98%（47/48）、96%（46/48）、86%（41/48）、90%（43/48）、83%（40/48）、98%（47/48）、90%（43/48）;浓度中位数分别为0.88、0.99、0.97、1.39、1.14、2.17、1.41 ng/g 1w.不同学历产妇乳汁中PBDEs水平（logΣ7PBDEs）分别为：初中及以下为（0.89±0.24）、高中为（1.02±0.17）、大专及以上为（1.08±0.28）;不同月收入水平产妇乳汁中PBDEs水平（log∑7PBDEs）分别为：＜1000元为（0.89±0.12）、1000-3000元为（1.01±0.24）、＞3000元为（1.13±0.21）.相关分析发现母亲受教育水平（r=0.322,P＜0.05）和收入水平（r=0.388,P＜0.05）与母乳PBDEs暴露水平呈正相关.结论 产妇乳汁中普遍含有PBDEs,母亲受教育水平和收入水平可能影响母乳中PBDEs水平.

Objective To measure the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Forty-eight puerperas from a hospital in Shanghai were selected to answer a questionnaire.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the puerperas were singleton pregnancies.excluding high blood pressure.diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Seven congenera（BDE-28,BDE47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153 and BDE-183）were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The median of total PBDEs concentration in breast milk was 8.81 ng/g lipid weight（1w）,and the range was 1.92-41.55,,g/g 1W. The detection rates of seven congeners（BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153,BDE-183）were 98%（47/48）,96%（46/48）,86%（41/48）,90%（43/48）,83%（40/48）,98%（47/48）,90%（43/48）,and the median of them was,0.88,0.99,0.97,1.39,1.14,2.17,1.41 ng/g 1w,respectively.LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different education levels were divided into junior high school or lower（0.89 ±0.24）,senior high school（1.02±0.17）,junior college or higher（1.08±0.28）.LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different income levels were divided as ＜1000 yuan（0.89±0.12）,1000-3000 yuan（1.01±0.24）,＞3000 yuan（1.13±0.21）.Correlation analysis showed that both the mothers＇education level（r=0.322.P＜0.05）and income level（r=0.388.P＜0.05）have a positive correlation to PBDEs levels in breast milk. Conclusion It is very common to detect PBDEs in human breast-milk.however,the education and income levels of the mothers my be the influencing factors.