新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族6～13岁儿童超重与肥胖状况及其影响因素

Obesity,overweight and related factors of Kazakh children aged from 6 to 13 in Yili,Xinjiang

目的 调查新疆伊犁地区6～13岁哈萨克族儿童超重、肥胖状况及其影响因素.方法 在2009年5-6月以新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族6-13岁儿童为调查对象,采取分层整群抽样的方法抽取8所小学,共对2438名儿童测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压,以体质指数（BMI）判定超重、肥胖.分析超重、肥胖的性别、年龄（分为6～7、8、9、10、11、12、13～14岁7个年龄组）、地区（城市、县城、乡村）分布情况.对可能影响超重、肥胖的因素进行非条件logistic回归分析.结果 新疆伊犁地区6～13岁哈萨克族儿童肥胖率为1.64%（40/2438）,超重率为5.13%（25/2438）;男、女童超重率分别是4.79%（59/1232）、5.47%（66/1206）（x2=0.59,P=0.44）,男、女童肥胖率分别为1.62%（20/1232）、1.66%（20/1206）（x2=0.69,P=0.41）.6～7岁年龄组儿童肥胖率为3.72%（8/215）,12岁儿童为2.30%（10/435）,13-14岁年龄组儿童为2.19%（6/274）,各年龄组肥胖率差异有统计学意义（x2：14.29,P=0.04）.不同地区的超重率由高到低分别是城市8.77%（35/399）、县城6.92%（74/1069）、乡村1.65%（16/970）（x2=42.09,P=0.00）;肥胖率由高到低分别是城市2.75%（11/399）、县城2.43%（27/1069）、乡村0.30%（3/970）（X2=18.13,P=0.00）.logistic回归分析显示,肥胖家族史（OR=2.73,95%CI：1.42～5.22）、父亲文化程度（OR=1.65,95%CI：0.29～9.25）是超重、肥胖的独立危险因素.腰臀比与血压水平相关（r=0.10,P=0.00）,BMI与收缩压（r=0.47,P=0.00）、舒张压相关（r=0.37,P=0.00）;腰围（r=0.81,P=0.00）、臀围（r=0.78,P=0.00）与BMI相关.结论 伊犁地区哈萨克族6～13岁儿童超重率、肥胖率没有性别差别,肥胖家族史、父亲文化程度是哈萨克族儿童发生超重、肥胖的影响因素.

Objective To investigate obesity,overweight and related factors of Kazakh children aged from 6 to 13 years old in Yili,Xinjiang.Methods With stratified cluster sampling method,2438Kazakh children aged 6-13 from eight elementary schools were recruited from the Yili Kazakh autonomy region from May to June in 2009.Height,weight,blood pressure,waist circumference and hip circumference were measured.Body mass index（BMI）value was used to determine overweight or obesity.The overweight and obesity distribution pattern of gender,age（6-7,8,9,10,11,12,13-14 years old group）and region （city,county and countryside）was analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of overweight or obesity.Results The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Yili Kazakh aukmomy region was 1.64%（40/2438）（male：1.62%（20/1232）,female 1.66%（20/1206）（x2=O.69,P=0.41））,and 5.13%（25/2438）（male：4.79%（59/1232）,female 5.47%（66/1206）（x2=0.59,P=0.44））,respectively.The obesity prevalence of 6-7 year-old children was 3.72%（8/215）,2.30%（10/435）for 12 year-old group and 2.19%（6/274）for 13-14 year-old group.The difference of obesity and overweight prevalence among different age groups was significant（x2=14.29,P=0.04）.The prevelence of overweight was 8.77%（35/399）,6.92%（74/1069）,1.65%（16/970）（x2=42.09,P=0.00）in city,county and countryside.And the prevalence of obesity was 2.75%（111399）,2.43%（27/1069）,0.30%（3/970）（x2=18.13,P=0.00）in city,county and countryside.Logistic regression analysis showed that children with family obesity history（OR=2.73,95%CI：1.42-5.22）and culture level of fathers（OR=1.65,95%CI：0.29-9.25）were@independent risk factors of obesity.There was a correlation between blood pressure and waist-to-hip rate（r=0.10,P=0.00）.Moreover,the correlation existed between systolic pressure（r=0.47,P=0.00）,diastolic blood pressure（r=0.37,P=0.00）and BMI.Correlation existed between waist circumference（r=0.81,P=0.00）,hip circumference（r=0.78,P=0.00）and BMT.Conclusion There is no sex difference of overweight and obesitv prevalence in Kazakh children aged from 6 to 13 year-old.Both family history of obesity and culture level of the fathers are factors of obesity and overweight to Kazakh children.