丰林世界生物圈自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

Evaluation of forest ecosystem service functions in Fenglin Biosphere Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province

丰林自然保护区位于小兴安岭山脉的中段,是目前世界上保存最为典型而完整的北温带原始阔叶红松林生态系统之一。本文从物质量与价值量的角度,采用影子工程法、机会成本法、市场价值法等研究方法,对丰林自然保护区生态系统服务功能的6项主要功能共11个指标及其价值进行了评估。结果表明:丰林自然保护区森林生态系统每年涵养水源的总量为4122.90×104m3/a,固土能力为173.98×104m3/a,固碳量为63865.6t/a,释放O2的总量为170853.1t/a,积累营养物质总量为337.87t/a,吸收SO2量为2646.76t/a,削减粉尘量为376840.68t/a,提供负离子总计3.84×1023个/a。丰林自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能的总经济价值为107273.34×104元/a,其单位面积价值为61658.43元/(hm2·a)。总价值中,涵养水源、保育土壤及固碳和释放O2的功能价值占总生态系统服务功能价值的76.8%。以涵养水源价值占的比例最大,为31%,按各项生态功能价值的大小排序为:森林年涵养水源的价值>保育土壤的价值>固碳和释放O2的价值>维持生物多样性的价值>净化空气的价值>积累营养物质的价值。

The Fenglin Nature Reserve, located in the middle section of Xiaoxing＇ an Mountains, is presently one of the most typical and integrated eco-systems of primary broadleaf-Korean pine forests in the north temperate zone of the world. From the perspectives of substance and value, our study adopts shadow engineering method, opportunity cost method, market value method and other methods to evaluate six main functions of its ecosystem service functions including 11 indices. The result reveals that, averagely in each year, the forest ecological system in the reserve can retain water 4 122.90×10^4 m^3, conserve soil 173.98×10^4 m^3, fix CO2 63 865.6 t, release O2 170 853. 1 t, accumulate nutrients 337.87 t, absorb SO2 2 646.76 t, reduce dust 376 840.68 t and produce negative ions 3.84×10^23. The total biodiversity ecological function value of the nature reserve is estimated to be 107 273.34×10^4yuan/year and the value of unit area is 61 658.43 yuan/hm^2 per year. The function value of reserving water, conserving soil, fixing CO2 and releasing O2 accounts for 76.8% of the total biodiversity ecological function value. The ratio of water-reserving value is the highest, which accounts for 31%. The order of biodiversity ecological function value is： water reservation 〉 soil conservation 〉 CO2 fixation and O2release 〉 provisioning of habit 〉 air purification 〉 nutrient accumulation.