新兵跳伞心理应激对唾液皮质醇水平的影响

Effect of Psychological Stress Caused by Skydiving on Salivary Cortisol of the Novice Parachutists

目的动态观察新兵跳伞心理应激对唾液皮质醇的影响。方法选择参加跳伞的新兵30名(跳伞组)、不参加跳伞的伞兵20名(对照组),分别在跳伞当天早晨,登机前、着陆后和返回驻地后采集唾液标本,检测唾液中皮质醇浓度;在采集唾液的同时,采用状态焦虑量表评估每个时间点受试者的焦虑应激状况。结果跳伞组跳伞当天早晨及登机前状态焦虑评分分别为(49.70±6.94)和(50.63±7.33),同时间点对照组评分分别为(40.00±6.43)和(40.50±8.12),跳伞组焦虑评分明显高于对照组(P<0.01),跳伞后焦虑评分明显降低。跳伞组唾液皮质醇浓度在跳伞当天早晨及登机前分别为(12.98±2.46)nmol/L和(12.99±2.60)nmol/L,同时间点对照组分别为(10.64±2.41)nmol/L和(9.82±2.12)nmol/L,跳伞组唾液皮质醇浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。伞兵着陆后皮质醇浓度达到峰值(22.87±3.73)nmol/L。结论新兵跳伞心理应激对唾液皮质醇有明显影响,唾液皮质醇可以作为衡量跳伞心理应激状态的重要生化指标。

Objective To investigate the effect of psychological stress on salivary cortisol of the novice parachutists preparing for skydiving.Methods Saliva samples were collected from 30 novice parachutists on the morning of parachute jump,just before boarding the plane,after landing and after returning to the camp,and salivary cortisol was measured.State anxiety inventory was used to evaluate the subjects′ anxiety status synchronically.Twenty soldiers not jumping were taken as controls.Results Anxiety scores of the novice parachutists on the morning of jump and before boarding the plane were higher than those of the control [（49.70±6.94） and（50.63±7.33） vs（40.00±6.43） and（40.50±8.12）,P0.01].Then the scores declined after landing.Their cortisol concentrations on the morning of jump and before boarding the plane were higher than than those of the control [（12.98±2.46） nmol/L and（12.99±2.60） nmol/L vs（10.64±2.41） nmol/L and（9.82±2.12） nmol/L,P0.01].The cortisol reached peak after landing [（22.87±3.73） nmol/l].Conclusion Psychological stress of the novice parachutists preparing for skydiving has significant effect on salivary cortisol,which may be used as an important biochemical index for the evaluation of psychological stress.