海岛旅游地生态安全与可持续发展评估——以舟山群岛为例

Evaluation of the Ecological Security of Island Tourist Destination and Island Tourist Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Zhoushan Islands

海岛旅游业已成为许多海岛地区的支柱产业,海岛旅游可持续发展是当前这一领域研究的焦点。本文首先在定义区域刚性生态足迹和区域弹性生态足迹含义的基础上,构建了广义海岛旅游地生态安全模型和狭义海岛旅游地生态安全模型,进而提出了海岛旅游地生态安全与可持续发展评估框架和判断标准;接着以生态足迹思想方法为基础,构建了海岛旅游生态足迹模型;并以舟山群岛为例,以2008年为评价基准年份,进行了实证分析。结果表明:①舟山群岛广义海岛旅游地生态安全系数为0.6816,生态赤字为287849.0216 hm2,占生态承载力的46.71%,已处在生态不安全—不可持续发展状态;②舟山群岛狭义旅游地生态安全系数为0.9806,生态赤字为12189.2343 hm2,占生态承载力的1.98%,已处在威胁生态安全—威胁可持续发展状态;③舟山群岛旅游地生态安全与可持续发展处在第VI类型(生态不安全—不可持续发展,威胁生态安全—威胁可持续发展)。

Island tourist has become a pillar industry in many island areas,and island tourist sustainable development is the current focus of research in this area.On the basis of the concept on the regional rigid ecological footprint and the regional elastic ecological footprint,the models of general ecological security coefficient（GESC） of island tourism destination and special ecological security coefficient（SESC） of island tourism destination were constructed in this paper,and then the assessment framework and judgment criterion were proposed on the ecological security of island tourist destination（ESITD） and island tourist sustainable development（ITSD）.Furthermore,based on the idea of ecological footprint,the models of island tourist ecological footprint were established.Finally,the paper conducts an empirical analysis of Zhoushan Islands（Zhoushan Islands are the only city established on a group of islands in China.It has special sea and mountain scenes,including two national level scenic spots Mount Putuo and Shengsi Archipelago,two provincial level scenic spots Daishan Island and Taohua Island and other 1000 scenic spots） in the base year 2008,which applies the models,the framework,and the criterion.Some results can be obtained as follows.（1） The GESC of island tourism destination is 0.6816,and the ecological deficit is 287849.0216 ha,with ecological carrying capacity being 46.71%,indicating that the Zhoushan Islands have reached the state of ecological insecurity and non-sustainable development.（2） The SESC of island tourism destination is 0.9806,and the ecological deficit is 12189.2343 ha,with ecological carrying capacity being 1.98%,showing that the Zhoushan Islands have reached the state of endangering ecological security and endangering sustainable development.（3） The ESITD and ITSD of Zhoushan Islands belong to Type VI.