种植密度与喷施多效唑对冬小麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响

Effects of planting density and spraying PP333 on winter wheat lodging-resistance and grain yield

于2008—2010年2个生长季在山东农业大学试验农场,以烟农21和藁城8901为材料,研究了不同种植密度下喷施多效唑对冬小麦基部茎秆形态特征、抗折力和抗倒指数及产量的影响.结果表明:藁城8901的抗倒伏能力高于烟农21,但籽粒产量低.与低密度(基本苗为180×104株.hm-2)条件相比,同一品种高密度(基本苗为240×104株.hm-2)使茎秆抗折力和抗倒指数下降,尤以烟农21表现更为明显.喷施多效唑可明显降低株高和基部节间长度,显著提高茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数,增强其抗倒伏能力,提高单位面积穗数和产量.相关分析表明,茎秆抗倒伏指数与基部第2节间长度、基部(1+2)节间长度占节间总长的比例和表观倒伏率均呈显著负相关.因此,采用合理的种植密度并结合喷施多效唑,能够提高小麦的抗倒伏能力和产量,可作为半湿润地区小麦高产栽培的重要技术措施.

Taking two winter wheat varieties Gaocheng 8901 and Yannong 21 with different end-use qualities as test objects,a field experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of Shandong Agricultural University from 2008 to 2010,aimed to study the effects of different planting density and spraying PP333 on the basal stem morphological characteristics,snapping-resistance,lodging-resistant index,and grain yield.Gaocheng 8901 had higher lodging-resistance but lower grain yield than Yannong 21.Comparing with low planting density（180×104 basic seedlings per hm2）,high planting density（240×104 basic seedlings per hm2） decreased the culm snapping-resistance and lodging-resistant index of the two varieties,especially Yannong 21.Spraying PP333 decreased the plant height and the basal internodes length,increased the snapping-resistance and lodging-resistant index,strengthened the lodging-resistance,and improved the spike number and grain yield.Correlation analysis showed that the second internode length,percentage of basal internodes（1＋2） length to total internode length,and apparent lodging ratio were significantly negatively correlated with culm lodging resistant index.Therefore,to adopt an appropriate planting density combined with spraying PP333 could improve the lodging-resistance of winter wheat and its grain yield,being an important high-yielding cultivation technique for wheat production in sub-humid zone.