不同所有制森林的管理方式及其生态影响研究进展

Management modes of different ownership forests and their ecological effects:A review

我国正处在集体林和国有林林权制度改革的关键时期,亟需理论支持和实践经验,但公、私有制森林管理方式及其生态影响研究缺乏.欧洲和北美多种所有制森林管理具有较长历史,对所有制管理的内容、方式及其对森林木材产量、生物多样性、景观特性等的影响都有较深入的研究,总结这些研究成果,作为我国林权改革的借鉴尤为必要而迫切.本文综述了以欧洲和北美为代表的国家和地区公有制、私有制(产业化私有制和非产业化私有制)森林管理的目的、方式和生态影响,林权流转和分散,以及在各种所有制间采取的联合保护政策,最后提出了研究展望.

China is in a critical period for the ownership reform of state-owned and collectively owned forests,which desiderates theoretical support and practical experience.However,the researches on the management modes of these forests and their ecological effects are scarce.In Europe and America,manifold ownership forest management has a long history,and relevant experts have made many researches on the ownership management contents and modes,as well as their effects on forest timber productivity,biodiversity,and landscape feature.To summarize and refer to these research harvests is definitely necessary and imminence for our forest ownership reform.This paper reviewed the management aims,modes,and ecological effects of state-owned and privately owned（industrial private and non-industrial private） forests,the parcelization and divestiture of forest ownership,and the associated protection policies of different ownership forests in the representative countries and regions in Europe and North America.The research prospect was also put forward.