基于牛顿插值的批量轴类零件加工误差补偿

Error Compensation for Shaft Parts in Batch Manufacture Based on Newton Interpolation

为提高批量轴类零件加工精度及加工效率,通过分析批量轴类零件加工数据,得到加工误差分布规律;运用牛顿插值理论建立批量轴类零件加工误差数学模型;应用用户宏程序按工件序号及切削位置进行误差实时补偿。该误差补偿方法综合考虑切削力引起的误差、热误差、刀具磨损误差、机床几何误差、编程误差、检测调整误差等误差因素,全面分析各误差因素与误差分布规律的关系,避免了误差因素分析不全的影响。得出切削力是影响单件工件加工误差分布的主要因素,刀具磨损是影响批量轴类零件加工误差分布的主要因素,热误差是导致误差分布规律畸变的主要因素。实践表明,应用该误差补偿方法可使批量轴类零件最大加工误差由60μm降低到4μm,补偿了93.3%;减少在机检测调整时间,加工效率提高13%,有效提高批量轴类零件加工精度和加工效率。

To improve batch shaft parts machining accuracy and efficiency,machining error distribution law is obtained through analysis of the machining data of batch shaft parts.A mathematical model of machining error is built by using Newton interpolation.Macro program is used to realize real-time error compensation according to the serial number of work piece and the cutting position.To avoid incomplete analysis of error factors,they are comprehensively considered in this compensation method,including cutting force,thermal deformation,tool wear,programming,measurement and adjustment,and machine geometry.The relationship of error factors and error distribution law is analyzed.The results show that cutting force is the main factor affecting single shaft error distribution,tool wear is the main factor affecting batch shafts error distribution,and thermal error is the main factor causing distortion of error distribution law.Practice shows that the maximum machining error is reduced from 60 μm to 4 μm,a compensation of 93.3%,by using this error compensation method,while the machining efficiency is improved by 13% as a result of reducing the measurement and adjustment time.