农户异质性与团体贷款发展趋势研究——以苏北地区农信社为例

A Study on Farmer Heterogeneity and the Trends of Group-lending:Evidence from Northern Jiangsu

团体贷款机制是小额信贷在国际范围内取得成功的重要原因之一,但是近年来国际上包括最早使用团体贷款机制的孟加拉乡村银行在内的很多小额信贷机构逐步放弃了这种机制,转而采用个人贷款机制。本文以苏北地区农信社的团体贷款为例进行分析,结果表明中国的农村金融机构在实践中也逐步减少使用团体贷款,转而使用个人贷款,同时这种变化趋势在地区间存在明显的差异。实证模型对这种变化趋势的解释为:经济水平的发展使小组成员的经济活动出现异质性,成员之间的借贷需求出现分化,导致金融机构将贷款方式从团体贷款向个人贷款转变。

Group-lending mechanism is one of the most important contributing factors for microfinance success in the international arena.In recent years,many microfinance institutions gave up this mechanism gradually,including Grameen Bank,which used to have adopted the group-lending mechanism,and then turned to individual lending.This study indicated that the rural financial institutions in China also reduced the group-lending usage and turned to individual lending from the evidence of the group-lending of the Rural Credit Cooperatives（RCCs） in Northern Jiangsu.The trends varied in different areas.The empirical model explained the trends： the development of economy infused heterogeneity into the membership economic activities and the needs for loan between members differentiated.As a consequence,the financial institutions turned from group-lending to individual lending.