高合金铁基粉末冶金材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

Study of wear-resisting property of PM iron-based materials with high alloying elements content

为了获得高性能的耐磨材料,采用粉末冶金方法制备了高合金颗粒强化铁基材料.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪和摩擦磨损实验研究了干摩擦状态下材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:材料的磨损机理是由粘着磨损、磨料磨损和接触疲劳磨损共同作用的.本文研究的高合金铁基粉末冶金耐磨材料,在50 s内进入稳定磨损阶段,能在很短的时间里达到最佳使用效果.干摩擦120 min后,材料的比磨损量小,仅为2.096×10-15 kg/(m.N),摩擦系数变化不大,在0.05～0.06保持相对稳定,说明材料的耐磨性能较好.材料组织中M6C碳化物能保证材料很好的耐磨性能,而M2C碳化物则降低材料的耐磨性能.

Particulate reinforced iron-based materials with high alloying elements content were prepared by powder metallurgy processing technique. The wear-resisting property of the materials under dry friction condition was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and wear test. The results show that the wear mechanism includes abrasive wear-off, adhesive wear-off and fatigue wear-off. The materials enter steady working condition within 50 seconds. After 120 minutes dry friction, wear coefficient of the materials changes between 0.05 - 0.06 and wear ratio is very low （2. 096 x 10^-15 kg/（ m·N） ）. The M6C carbides are useful to good wear-resisting property of the materials, while the M2C carbides decrease the wear-resisting property of the materials.