构式“没VP之前”的语用义探究

A Pragmatic Study of the Structure mei VP zhiqian

文章从＂没VP之前＂中VP所属的不同动词事件类型的角度入手,探究了＂没VP之前＂和＂VP之前＂能否互换的条件和限制。指出当VP由动作动词充当时,可换用为肯定式,当VP由状态动词和表结果义的动词或动词短语充当时,不宜换为肯定式,两种格式有各自的适用范围和不同的语用义。同时指出,在＂没VP之前＂中,＂没＂不仅不是多余成分,而且是语用焦点,＂之前＂所表示的＂时间顺序义＂的语义特征虚化,＂条件情况＂义凸显,＂之前＂的语义正在发生语法化。

Mei VP zhiqian and VP zhiqian are structures that are often confusing to L2 learners.This paper analyzes the pragmatic conditions and the restrictions of the two structures based on different event types of the Chinese verbs.Through this analysis,it is discovered that the negative form can be replaced by the affirmative form when the verb is related to activities,and it can not be replaced when the verb refers to a state or accomplishment or a verb phrase.This paper also points out that mei is not a redundant element,but a pragmatic focus.The meaning of yiqian is grammaticalizing.