新型绿色农药——光活化农药

New Green Pesticides:Photoactivated Pesticides

光活化农药包括光活化杀虫剂和光活化除草剂，与传统农药相比具有廉价、高效、无污染等优越性。光活化农药的关键是光敏剂，在有光和氧存在条件下光敏剂催化产生单重态氧，杀灭害虫。光敏剂效果取决于其单重态氧的量子产率，其分子本身只起催化作用并不介入毒性反应，并且易被降解，因此对环境无污染。由于单重态氧在细胞上的生物化学作用点多，使害虫不易对其产生抗药性。这类绿色农药正在逐步走向实用化，它的发展将会大大改善因长期使用传统农药而造成的危害。

Photoactivated pesticides have many advantages compared with traditional pesticides.They are cheap, effective and environmentally safe. The most important components of photoactivated pesticides are photosensitizers.With the illumination and the presence of oxygen the photosensitizers act on various biochemical components and cause toxic reaction in pests. The efficiency of photosensitizers depends on the quantum yield of singlet oxygen which acts on the target substrate and oxidizes it. The resistance may be slow to develop due to the expected multiplicity of biological targets in the cell. The photosensitizer is a catalyst, not a participant and the excess part is photodecomposable. The photoactivated pesticides have great potential in promoting the development of agriculture.