直肠间质瘤的诊断与外科治疗

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of rectal stromal tumors

直肠间质瘤约占胃肠道间质瘤的5％～15％。本文将着重介绍直肠间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗方法。通过对直肠间质瘤的病理诊断、恶性度分级，明确诊断标准。本文着重介绍直肠间质瘤的外科个体化治疗，多学科协作（MDT）治疗。建设性的提出治疗可切除直肠间质瘤的完整原则和功能原则。以及直肠间质瘤的选择性淋巴结清扫和腹腔镜手术适应证的标准。

Rectal stromal tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor, which accounts for 0.1% of malignant rectal tumors and 5 % - 15% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs）. In recent years, the diagnostic rate of rectal stromal tumor is increasing because of the improvement of pathological diagnosis by biomedical method, endoscopy and imaging. However, changes in diagnostic criteria and better understanding of rectal stromal tumor contribute to the increased diagnostic rate. We evaluated the diagnosis and surgical treatment of rectal stromal tumor, including the current pathological diagnosis and grading of tumor malignancy. We also assessed the individual therapy of rectal stromal tumor and multi-disciplinary team （MDT） treatment. Two principles are proposed for the treatment of rectal stromal tumor： integrity, and functionality.