小学四～六年级儿童估算策略选择的干预研究

Intervention Research on Estimation Strategy Choices with 4-6 Graders

估算是一种基本的数学能力,而能否恰当选择策略是估算过程的关键.利用自编估算算式题,考察小学四～六年级儿童在有无策略指导两种条件下估算策略选择的情况.结果发现：经策略指导后,四～六年级儿童的估算策略选择的最佳策略击中率显著高于无策略指导组;估算策略选择的个数也增加了,其中四年级增加得最显著,其次是五年级.研究表明,估算策略技能的短期指导、干预对四～五年级（10岁左右）儿童的估算策略选择有更大的影响.

Computational estimation is one kind of basic mathematical abilities and to select appropriate strategies is a key factor in estimation.Using self-designed problems,we investigated how 4-6 graders choose the strategies in two conditions：strategic directions and no strategic directions.The results showed there was a significant difference in strategy choices（number of strategies,strategy hit rate） between the two condition groups;the number of strategies and strategy hit rates of students in strategic directions group increased more than those in no strategic directions group.The number of strategies of 4 graders has increased most under strategic directions,so strategic directions and interventions have more effect on 4～5 graders（ten years old or so） in the computational estimation strategy choices.