元明时期广西壮族土司统治区农业开发的主要成就探因

Exploring the Reasons of the Major Achievements in Agriculture Development under Guangxi Zhuang Chieftain's Reign during Yuanand Ming Dynasties

元明时期是广西壮族土司制度正式确立和全面发展的重要阶段。在王朝中央间接统治和壮族土司"以其故俗"世袭统治的双轨式管理体制下,壮族土司统治区的农业开发取得了一定的成就。其成就之取得,一方面是缘于王朝中央为强化其于壮族土司统治区的封建统治和各个壮族土司政权为巩固其世袭统治地位而在思想上对地域农业开发的重视,另一方面是缘于王朝中央和壮族土司为达到巩固统治之目的而采取的有利于社会经济发展的相关制度和措施。壮族土司统治区农业经济的开发,一方面为其手工业和商业的发展创造了条件,奠定了基础;另一方面在很大程度上夯实和强化了壮族土司制度统治的根基,使得壮族土司制度在元明时代得以正式确立和全面发展,进而达到它的鼎盛时期。

It was during Yuan and Ming Dynasties established and fuUy developed. Under the double track that Guangxi Zhuang chieftain system had officially management system that was the combination of the central government＇s indirect rule and Zhuang chieftain＇s velopment under Zhuang chieftain＇ s reign had built some conventional hereditary rule, the agriculture deachievements. The reasons account for these achievements, one is ideological highlights on developing regional agriculture from both the central government＇s willpower on reinforcing federal reign over Zhuang chieftain region and the respective Zhuang chieftain power＇s aiming at strengthening its hereditary ruling status, the other is relevant systems and measures catering for the social and economic development from both the central government and Zhuang chieftain＇ s purposes on enhancing authority control. The development in agricultural economy under the Zhuang chieftain＇ s reign, on one hand, had created chances and laid foundations for handicraft and business development; on the other hand, it had consolidated the Zhuang chieftain system＇s ruling power to a large extent, which had realized the official establishment and full development for Zhuang chieftain system in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and achieved this system＇s heyday latter.