古镇活力丧失与旅游活镇研究

Research on The Life-force Change and Activation of Ancient Town by Tourism Development

古镇是一个不断与外部自然与社会环境进行物质、能量、人员、资金、技术和信息等要素交流的有机系统,古镇不同于古物,它是一个活的生命系统,其活力随内外环境而演化。用耗散结构理论来观察和分析古镇在历史上充满活力的原因主要是:良好的区位环境(包括自然区位、交通区位、贸易区位、经济区位、政治区位、文化区位等)及对环境的充分利用;但外部社会经济环境改变、内外沟通交流方式变迁、古镇内部经济结构异化等却导致了古镇活力的衰弱和丧失。"旅游活镇"不乏为古镇重振昔日辉煌的主要途径之一。协调开发与保护,实施科学开发策略;营造古镇旅游特色,实施主题开发策略等策略,以活结构、活功能、活流通、活文化、活产业等路径可以达到旅游系统活镇的目的。

Ancient town is an organic system which continually exchanges material,energy,personnel,capital,technology and information with the external nature and social environment.And different from antiquities,ancient town is also a living life system whose activation evolving with the internal and external environment.This paper introduced The Dissipative Structure Theory to research on the system of ancient towns,and under the guiding of this theory,analyzed the main reasons leading to their prosperity in the past,including the advantageous location（such as natural location,traffic location,trade location,economic location,political location,cultural location,etc.）and the utilization of these factors.However,with the changing of external social-economical environment,the shifting of internal and external communication mode and the alienating of internal economic structure,many ancient towns have lost their Life-force nowadays.In view of this situation,this paper proposed the strategy of activating an ancient town by tourism development,and the routes were through activating its structure,function,circulation,culture and industry to activating the whole system.