马克思与费尔巴哈在自然观上的分歧——从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》来看

Discussion on Different View of Nature between Marx and Feuerbach——From the Perspect of Economy and Philosophy Manuscripts of 1844

马克思的早期思想深受费尔巴哈的影响,但他对费尔巴哈的唯物主义观点并未完全认可。费尔巴哈由于立足于抽象人本主义和直观的唯物主义,在自然观上坚持自然的本质与人的理性本质的对立,而在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思立足于工业和实践却认为两者具有统一性。这种分歧源于费尔巴哈在人对自然的关系的理解上停留在感性直观的层面,而马克思则达到了人的感性的对象化活动的层面。这种分歧更为深刻的认识论根源在于两人对黑格尔辩证法的不同理解。

In the earlier period, Marx was deeply effected by Feuerbach＇s idea, but he didn＇t approve completely of the materialist viewpoint of Feuerbach. On the basis of the abstract humanism and materialism intuitive,Feuerbach insisted that the essence of the nature and the rational essence of the person were opposite. Based on industry and practice, Marx thought the essence of the nature and the person had unity from Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. This kind of difference came from Feuerbach＇s comprehension of the person＇s relation to the nature. Feuerbach＇s comprehension still stayed around the sensibility and visual level. However,Marx＇s comprehension of the person＇s relation to the nature had reached the level of the object activity of person＇s sensibility. The deep epistemology source of this kind of difference came from their different comprehension of Hegel＇s dialectics.