清洁能源研究领域科学计量分析(2005-2009) 加拿大-美国的国际合作

Canada-U.S. Collaborations in Clean Energy Research: A Scientometric Analysis (2005-2009)

加拿大清洁能源研发合作推广工作组当前正重新评价加拿大与美国之间的合作伙伴关系,旨在为清洁能源研发长期合作计划筛选出合适的科学领域作为清洁能源对话行动方案框架的一部分。根据该科学计量分析结果,工作组将进一步探索清洁能源研发领域以及三个子领域(新一代生物燃料、清洁能源车辆与绿色建筑)的科学产出与合作前景。科学计量结果表明,2005-2009年间,清洁能源研发及其三个子领域的美加合作科学产出增长迅速。美加两国都是清洁能源研发15强成员,尤其美国更是该领域及三个子领域中的领头羊。科学影响力、质量与专业化指标反映出各强国在三个子领域的表现存在差异,但总体上,瑞典与土耳其的影响力与专业化程度超出世界水平。加拿大、德国、荷兰、美国与英国虽然在影响力的排位上超过世界平均水平,但专业化程度表现低迷。提请注意的是,由于绿色建筑领域内的论文数量较少,不适合作深入的计量指标分析。就合作模式而言,分析结果表明超过60%的被调查对象与科研强国同仁的合作低于预期。在清洁能源研发及三个子领域,加拿大的最大合作伙伴是美国、土耳其、中国。总体而言,合作论文的平均被引频次要高于非合作论文,虽然有些意外,但事实上,这是加拿大在清洁能源研发领域的整体表现。除提供国家层面上的数据外,该文也分析了此领域内美国与加拿大的优秀科研机构。对两国机构层面合作模式的研究表明,加拿大研究机构比美国研究机构更倾向于二者的合作,考虑到科研规模与水平,这个结论并无意外之处。

The Canadian working group on expanding clean energy R＆D collaboration is currently reviewing existing Canada-U.S. partnerships in order to identify prospective areas for long-term clean energy R＆D collaborative initiatives as part of the framework mandated by the Clean Energy Dialogue Action Plan. The present scientometric study represents one of the sources this working group will draw on to develop a more robust understanding of the scientific production and collaborative landscape in the field of clean energy R＆D and in three subfields of interest： future generation biofuels, clean energy vehicles and green buildings. This scientometric study found that the scientific output in clean energy R＆D and its three subfields increased dramatically during the 2005-2009 period, internationally, in the U.S. and in Canada. Both these countries are among the 15 leading countries in clean energy R＆D, with the U.S. being the largest producer in the field overall and in the three subfields. Indicators of scientific impact, quality and specialization suggest that the strengths of leading countries vary across the subfields, but overall in clean energy R＆D, Sweden and Turkey stand out as having levels of impact and specialization that are above the world level. Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, the U.S. and the U.K. all rank above the world average in impact but are not particularly specialized in this field. Note that the small number of publications in green buildings research limited the conclusions that could be drawn from the data for this subfield. In terms of collaboration patterns, the analysis shows that, in over 60% of cases, the countries examined are collaborat- ing less than expected by chance with their leading counterparts. In clean energy R＆D and in the three subfields, Canada＇s strongest affinities are generally with the U.S., Turkey and China. Overall, with a few exceptions, papers published collaboratively with other countries are, on average, more highly cited than non-collaborative papers. In fact, this is the case for Canada in clean energy R＆D overall. In addition to the data presented at the country level, leading U.S. and Canadian institutions in these research areas were identified, as were those most active in terms of Canada/U.S. cross-border collaborations. The analysis of Canada/U.S. collaboration patterns at the institution level indicates that Canadian institutions tend to collaborate more with U.S. institutions than U.S. institutions do with Canadian organizations; this is actually not surprising given the relative size of organizations in these countries.