香榧果实生长发育规律观测

Growth and development rhythm of Torreya grandis fruit

于宁乡县龙田镇月塘村选择生长健壮、结实正常的10年生香榧实生植株作为观测对象,对香榧果实生长发育规律进行观测,结果表明：香榧果实发育过程历时16个月,跨越2个年度,果实的生长变化曲线呈＂S＂形;当年6月初到12月末果实生长很缓慢,12月中旬到翌年2月末生长极其缓慢,至翌年3月果实开始膨大,从4月末到7月中旬进入快速生长期,每15 d横、纵径净增长量均≥3 mm,进入8月以后,果实达成熟期。干、鲜果重有2次明显的生长变化,12月至翌年3月,约110~120 d,处于越冬休眠状态,幼果外观和干、鲜重极少变化;至4月中、下旬,随着气温的升高,果实进入旺盛生长期;5月中旬至6月中旬,果体增大最快,其果实内干物质的积累也加快,至9月香榧果实成熟,干物质积累转为后熟阶段。含水率随着果实发育生理活动的强弱而发生明显的变化,经历了1次上升和2次下降的过程：第1次下降是从当年10月到翌年的3月;4—6月,随着气温的回升,含水率上升;7—9月果实进入成熟期,生理活动变缓,含水率再次下降。

Chosen the healthy 10-year-old Torreya grandis in Ningxiang County as material,the growth and development rhythm of Torreya grandis fruit was studied.The results showed that the development process of fruit lasted 16 months,spanning 2 years,and its growth curve was expressed as ＂S＂ curve.The fruit grew slowly from early June to late December in current year,grew very slowly from mid December to late February of the following year,then began to expand rapidly since March,grew very fast from late April to mid July with the net increase of fruit length and width over 3mm every 15d,and reached ripening stage after August.There were obvious growth changes in the fresh and dry weight of fruit.The changes of appearance and the fresh and dry weight were few from December to March of the following year,while the fruit grew rapidly since mid-late April.When it had the fastest growth from mid May to mid June,the dry matter accumulation in fruit was also accelerated.And the dry matter accumulation entered the after-ripening period with fruit ripening at September.Moisture content changed apparently with the intensity of physiological activity during fruit development,through 1 up and 2 down of the process.Moisture content was declined for the first time from October to March of the following year,then ascended from April to June,and decreased again from July to September when the physiological activity of fruit at the ripening stage became slower.