中国鹅5个品种随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA(RAPD) ANALYSIS OF FIVE BREEDS OF DOMESTIC CHINESE GOOSE

目的 用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术分析中国鹅的５ 个品种—皖西白鹅、太湖鹅、浙东白鹅、四川白鹅和狮头鹅的随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）．方法 从３４ 个１０寡核苷酸随机引物中筛选出的１４ 个引物对每一品种的总基因组ＤＮＡ 进行了单引物ＰＣＲ扩增．结果 ５ 个品种共扩增出１７４个ＤＮＡ 片段，其中４８ 个（占２７．６％ ）在５ 个品种间表现为多态性．根据扩增ＤＮＡ 片段的异同计算了各品种间的遗传距离指数，其中皖西白鹅和太湖鹅、浙东白鹅、四川白鹅和狮头鹅间的平均遗传距离指数分别为０．１２０８，０．１５７１，０．１９１１，０．１８０５；太湖鹅和浙东白鹅、四川白鹅和狮头鹅间的分别为０．１６１４，０．１７１２，０．１９５４；浙江白鹅和四川白鹅、狮头鹅间的分别为０．１９４１，０．２０１６；四川白鹅和狮头鹅间的为０．２２７４．基于遗传距离指数用分子进化遗传分析（ＭＥＧＡ）软件以ＵＰＧＭＡ 法和ＮＪ法对它们进行了聚类分析．结论 中国鹅５ 品种间的遗传分化可能和人工选择密切相关。

subjectives Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis was used to assess genetic variability in five breeds of domestic Chinese goose(Wanxi white  breed, Taihu breed, Zhedong white breed, Sichuan white breed and Shitou breed). methods The total genomic DNAs of the five breeds of domestic Chinese goose were amplified through single primer PCR with 14 selected arbitary 10 oligonucleotide primers out of the 34 primers. results 14 primers give rise to 174 reproducible DNA fragments altogether in all the five breeds. 48 which accounts for 27.6% of the fragments are polymorphic, while the rest 126 fragments are monomorphic among all the species. Genetic distance coefficients between all the species were caculated according to the homogenity and diversity of the RAPD fragments, the mean coefficients between Wanxi white breed, with Taihu breed, Zhedong white breed, Sichuan white breed and Shitou breed was 0.1208,0.1571,0.1911,0.1805 respectively, those between Taihu breed, with Zhedong white breed, Sichuan white breed and Shitou breed was 0.1614,0.1712,0.1954 respectively, those between Zhedong white breed, with Sichuan white breed and Shitou breed was 0.1941,0.2016 respectively, that between Sichuan white breed and Shitou breed was 0.2274. The cluster analyses which derived form their mean genetic distance coefficients were performed with UPGMA and NJ methods using MEGA software. conclusions The genetic differentiations between the five breeds of domestic Chinese goose may be closely related to artificial selections but not to their geographical distances.