健康、教育人力资本收益城乡比较研究——基于重庆市截面数据的观察

Comparative Research on Rural & Urban Human Capital Gains——Empirical Analysis Based on Cross-Section Data of Chongqing

人力资本主要是体现在个体身上的知识、能力和健康。人力资本投资主要通过普通教育、职业培训、医疗保健和就业迁移等形式来完成。人力资本差异是造成城乡人力资本收益不同的主要原因之一。选取城市和农村样本,通过M incer及相关模型分析,研究教育、工龄及健康因素对人力资本收益的影响。由于地区差异,城乡人力资本收益在不同方面存在较大差距,城市劳动力在教育、工龄及健康方面的收益率都大于农村劳动力,但在性别方面有不一致的情况。城乡劳动力在工龄收益率方面差距不大,在教育与健康方面的收益率有较大差距。城市男性劳动力教育收益率、健康收益率小于女性,工龄收益率大于女性;农村男性劳动力在教育、工龄及健康方面人力资本收益率都大于女性。转变城乡人力资本收益的根本途径不是劳动力转移,而是增加农村地区人力资本投资。首先要转变人力资本投资观念,其次要加强农村地区教育投资,消除性别歧视,此外还要加强社会保障体系的建设等。

Human capital is mainly embodied in physical knowledge,capability and health.Human capital investment is mainly completed by ordinary education,vocational training,medical care,and employment transfer.The difference of human capital between city and countryside is one of the primary factors that influence the income.This article selects the city and the countryside sample,through Mincer and related model analysis,and research education,length of service and healthy factor to human capital income influence.As a result of the regional disparity,the city and countryside human capital income in different regions exist big disparity,and city labor force education,length of service and health returns ratio is bigger than that of the countryside,while there is inconsistent situation in gender.City and countryside labor force yield big gap in aspect of education and health,whereas little difference in length of service.The return ratio of education and health is less in the city male sample than that of female,while the length of service is more than that of female.And the education,length of service and health of countryside male return ratio are more than that of female.The fundamental way of shifting city and countryside human capital gains is not labor force transferring,but increasing countryside human capital investment.First,transform the human capital investment concept,secondly increase education investment in countryside area,eliminate gender discrimination,and promote the construction of social security system.