财政投入与义务教育均等化——东中西三大区域的比较分析

Equality of Financial Investment and Compulsory Education:Comparison of the Three Major Districts

选取浙江、安徽、贵州三个省份的义务教育资源投入作为样本,分析比较了我国东、中、西三大区域的教育不均等状况。结论指出,中西部预算内教育经费所占财政支出比重虽低于东部地区,但教育经费增长率远高于东部地区,教育经费所占比重在逐年提高,缩小了区域间财政投入的差距,体现了教育资源投入均等化的趋势;但生均层面数据显示,中西部与东部地区差距在不断扩大,与义务教育均等化的目标渐行渐远。财力不足与分配结构是中西部义务教育均等化的主要问题。为此,中央政府应改变原有义务教育由地方政府承担的财政分配体制,负担起地方政府部分教育支出,进行适当的财政转移支付,将有助于我国义务教育均等化的早日实现,实现我国教育公平与效率的真正统一。

At present,the regional inequality of compulsory education is one of the major problems in China.Three provinces of Zhejiang,Anhui and Guizhou are selected as a sample to analyze and compare the unequal education between eastern,central and west regions in China.The study concludes that the proportion of financial expenditure budget in central and western regions is lower than that of the eastern region,but growth rate is higher than eastern region,and the proportion of education funding in central and western regions increases year by year,which narrows the regional gap between different regions and reflects the equalization of educational resources.However,the per-capital investment shows that the gap between western and eastern regions continues to expand,which goes away from the equality of compulsory education.Insufficient financial resources and distribution structure of the central and western are the major problems of compulsory equalization.So,the central government should change the existing compulsory financial commitment of local government,burden part of the compulsory education investment,transfer financial expenditure.These will contribute to the equalization of compulsory education,and realize the true unification of equity and efficiency of education.