试论日本的政党监督

On the Supervision of Japanese Political Parties

二战之后,日本按照西方民主制度的模式,确定了民主国家体制,实行多党制度。然而自1955年起,自民党长期居于执政地位,一党居优制一直成为日本主要的政党格局。2009年新民主党一跃而成为执政党,自民党一党长期执政格局改变,日本政坛进入民主党和自民党两大政党相互制衡、彼此竞争时代。日本式的政党政治生态,使日本的政党监督也显现出自身的面貌与特点。

After World War II, Japan decided to adopt a democratic state system and established a multi- party model in accordance with the western democratic system. However, since 1955 Liberal Democratic Party （LDP） had occupied the main pattern for Japanese ruling position for a long time, which indicates single-party dominance has been a political parties. However in 2009, the new Democratic Party （DP） of Japan be- came the ruling party, which changed the LDP one-party dominance structure, and the Japanese politics en- tered an era where the new DP and LDP checked and balanced, competing with each other. The Japanese style of party politics environment contributes to the distinct features embodied in the supervision of Japanese political parties.