朱子学与阳明学及其现代意义

Theories of Zhu-zi and Yang-ming and Their Modern Significations

通过对狭义朱子学与阳明学的发生、发展及其基本内涵的阐释,揭示朱子学与阳明学的现代意义。朱子学说最重要的部分是"格物致知"的理论,其明显的特色是极力为人求取事物的知识的活动确立一个地位。"心即理"、"致良知"是阳明学说的主要哲学命题,"知行合一"则是其思想的一个重要特色。朱子学强调读书学习的性格,为现代"学习型社会"与"终身教育"提供了很好的指导;对于大学的"通识教育",朱子的思想是孔子之外最重要的思想资源;朱子学提倡"主敬"所代表的自我约束、严肃认真、勤勉专一的工作态度,对于保持东亚社会积极的工作伦理,仍能提供重要的资源。阳明学强调实践,体现于王阳明一贯提倡的"知行合一","在事上磨练",这样的哲学精神合于19世纪以来实践哲学的发展,与近代哲学是相通的;王阳明关于"万物一体"的观念,对于人类的和平发展,以及生态和环保也可提供一种伦理的支持,具有普世价值。

By explanations of origination, development and their fundamental connotations of theories of Zhu-zi and Yang-ming, the modern significations of them will be illustrated. The most vital part of Zhu-zi theory is that of ＂to obtain knowledge by investigating nature of things＂, the distinctiveness of which is to do one＇s best to establish a position for knowledge inquiry activities of people. Minds equaling to sense and acquiring conscience constitute main philosophic propositions, in which ＂integrating conscience and activities into a whole＂ shows an important feature of this antilogy. Zhu-zi emphasized the characters of reading and studying, which offers a very good instruction for setting up modern ＂studying society＂ and ＂lifelong education＂. As for college＇s general education, the thoughts of Zhu-zi besides those of Confuciaffs impart the most important： sources. Zhu-zi advocated that ＂own reverence＂ stands for working attitudes of self-restrained, solemnity and earnest, and diligence and undivided, which still offers important sources to maintain positive ethic for East Asian societies. Yang-ming theory emphasizes practice which embodies ＂integrating conscience and activities into a whole＂ , ＂tempering oneself by doing things＂, this kind of philosophic spirits merged with practical philosophy development since 19th century is interlinked well with modern philosophy. The idea of Wang Yang-ming＇s all things are one merits ecumenical value in terms of human peaceful development and ethic supporting for ecological and environment protection.