明朗的画面 温柔的悲剧——论沈从文《边城》童话式的美

Bright Scene and Gentle Tragedy——On the Fairytale Beauty in Border Townby Shen Congwen

沈从文是一个热情的理想主义者,《边城》是他充满深情唱出的一曲生命的理想之歌,是他出于"怀旧"的主观诗情并把它凝结成的"诗",是沈从文梦里故园的产物。他写湘西,实际上是通过故园风物的眷念来补偿人生的失落,以慰藉他那魂灵深处的创伤。主要从画中人、画中物、画作者、画外意三个方面来解开这个梦,为读者打开神秘之窗。梦是美丽的,而"美丽的东西总使人忧愁",为了淡化这宿命的悲剧,沈从文以"善"与"美"进行了巧妙的阐释,从而圆了这个作于都市的"乡下人"的梦。

Shen Cong-wen is a passionate idealist,whose book Border Town seems to be a beautiful dream from his old memory.With great enthusiasm,he put all his vitality and ideality in this book and made it look like a perfect song,or in another word,it looks like a poem which emphasized the goodliness of＂missed old times or old friends＂.He used lots of words to describe the climate and human relationship and scenery of＂the good old time＂,so as to express his nostalgia.And he used his beautiful memory to build a fancied Eden to cure the wound in the depths of soul.In order to touch his mysterious window and try to understand what his dream means,this article analyzes it from three aspects：1.Persons were depicted as in a picture;2.The custom and scenery were depicted as in a picture;3.The drawing Author;4.voice-over in a picture.Everything in his dream is beautiful as a picture,while it sounds like the people singing＂the beautiful thing always apt to make people＇s sorrow＂.So,in order to desalinize the tragedy which is like one＇s foreordination,the author inserts an ingenious explanation for his dream by emphasizing＂goodness＂and＂goodliness＂.In this way the author who named himself as＂chuff lived in city＂can be read as a dream.