嗜热石油降解菌YBW1的筛选、鉴定及性能研究

Isolation,Identification and Performance Studies of a Thermophilic Oil-degrading Strain YBW1

为了获得能在极端环境下降解原油的微生物,以江汉油田地下高温储水为样品成功分离出一株嗜热原油降解菌YBW1.根据生理生化鉴定和系统发育学分析,该菌鉴定为Geobacillus kaustophilus,革兰氏阳性,杆状,好氧,无运动性,菌体大小为（0.6-1.0）μm×（2.0-3.5）μm.生长环境温度为45℃-75℃,最适生长温度为65℃.生长能力测试表明该菌能利用液体石蜡和原油为主要碳源生长.在5%（体积分数）接种量,65℃培养18 d,原油黏度降低18.5%.并且当鼠李糖脂添加体积质量为0.2%获得14.3%的最大原油降解率.因此YBW1在原油污染高温生物降解和微生物提高石油采收率方面可能会有一定的应用潜力.

In order to obtain a extreme oil-degrading microorganism, a thermophilic oil-degrading strain YBW1 was isolated from a deep high-temperature subterranean oil-reservoir. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenic analysis, the strain was confidently identified as a strain of Geobacillus leaustophilus , gram-positive,rod,aerobic,nonmotile and 0.6-1.0 ＊ 2.0-3.5μm in size. YBW1 had a growth temperature ranging from 45 to 75℃, and the optimum at 65℃. The test of growth in ability indicates that YBW1 was able to growth by utilizing crude oil and liquid paraffin as the main carbon source. Cultivating of 5%（v/v） inoculum at 65℃ for 18d, the viscosity of crude oil was reduced by 18. 5~. The maximum crude degradation rate of 14.3% was obtained at 0.2%（w/v） rhamnolipid concentrations. Therefore YBW1 may be potentially used for high-temperature oily-waste biodegradation and Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery.