海上油田废弃钻井液的毒性评价及无害化处理技术研究进展

Technical Progress on Toxicity Assessment and Innocuous Treatment of Wasted Drilling Fluid from Offshore Oilfield

作为海上油田开发过程中产生的一种主要污染物,废弃钻井液成分复杂,并含有多种有毒有害物质,实现其无害化处理对保护海洋生态环境健康具有重要意义。本文在分析海上废弃钻井液化学组分及其危害的基础上,综述了国内外在废弃钻井液生物毒性评价及其无害化处理方面的研究进展,并指出针对海洋生态系统建立快速灵敏的多生物能级的钻井液毒性评价方法、开发低毒无害的钻井液体系、提高钻井液循环利用率是今后研究中应重点关注的方向。

As a major marine ecological environmental pollutant from offshore oilfield,wasted drilling fluid（DF） has complicated chemical composition and contains various kinds of poisonous substances.It is important for marine ecological environmental protection to realize harmless wasted DF disposal.Based on the chemical composition of wasted DF and its potential hazards,the research progresses of toxicity assessment and innocuous treatment of wasted DF from Offshore oilfield are overviewed in this paper.It is pointed out that to establish rapid and sensitive toxicity detection method for marine ecology environment,to develop low-toxic harmless DFs and to improve the recycle utilization ratio of DF are future research directions in this field.