北京学龄前儿童皮褶厚度与身体素质相关分析

Correlative analysis of skinfold thickness and physical quality of preschool children in Beijing

目的 了解北京市学龄前儿童皮褶厚度的发育状况及其与身体素质的关系.方法 测量6405名学龄前儿童上臂部、肩胛下角部和腹部皮褶厚度值,分别与6项素质指标做相关分析.结果 大多数年龄段女童皮褶厚度高于男童,城市儿童皮褶厚度高于农村儿童上臂部5-7岁年龄组与立定跳远r值分别为-0.086、-0.093、-0.160,6-7岁组与网球掷远r值为-0.078;肩胛下角部5-7岁年龄组r值分别为-0.102、-0.101、-0.189,6-7岁组与网球掷远r值为-0.078;腹部5-7岁年龄组皮褶厚度与立定跳远r值分别为-0.104、-0.094、-0.178,6-7岁组与网球掷远r值为-0.083.以上均呈现负相关,均P〈0.05）.以上皮褶厚度5.5-7岁组与10米折返跑呈现正相关,r值为0.079-0.130,6-7岁组肩胛下角部、腹部皮褶厚度与平衡木完成时间呈现正相关,r值分别为0.114和0.107,均P〈0.05.结论 学龄前儿童皮褶厚度的发育存在性别与地域差异,且在一定程度上能够对儿童弹跳力、投掷力、速度与灵敏性等身体素质造成负面影响.

Objective To investigate the associations between skinfold thickness and physical quality of preschool children in Beijing. Methods A random cluster sample of 6 405 preschool children was chosen to measure their skinfold thickness of the upper arm, scapular and belly. A correlative analysis was made between the skinfold thickness and 6 indexes of physical quality. Results In most groups, the skinfold of girls and of the urban children was much more than that of boys and of the rural children, respectively. Negative correlations were found between standing long jump, tennis throw far and the skinfold of the upper arm （4.5- to 7-year-old group）, of the scapular （5- to 7-year-old group） and of the belly （5- to 7-year-old group）（ all P 〈 0.05 ）, while positive correlations between the skinfold and 10 meters coming-and-going run and the time passing balance beam （ all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The skinfold thickness of preschool children varies in sex and area, and it brings negative effects on children＇ s physical quality in jumping ability, throwing force, speed and sensitivity to some extent.