北京海淀区和平谷区儿童意外伤害的比较研究

Analysis of 0-6 year-old child injury in Haidian and Pinggu District of Beijing

目的 比较并分析北京市海淀区和平谷区0-6岁儿童意外伤害发生的特点及差异性.方法 采用多级整群抽样方法,对海淀区2 970名和平谷区2 558名0-6岁儿童进行伤害现况调查,并对伤害发生率进行差异性比较.结果 共调查5 528例,伤害发生率为8.65%（478/5 528）.海淀区0-6岁儿童非致命性伤害发生率为10.54%（313/2 970）,平谷区为6.45%（165/2 558）.海淀区伤害发生率高于平谷区,其差异具有统计学意义（χ2=29.081,P〈0.001）.依据年龄、性别和严重程度分层分析：两区高年龄段（3-6岁）不同年龄组间儿童意外伤害的发生率经比较其差异均具有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;不同性别儿童意外伤害的发生率海淀区均高于平谷区（男童χ2=9.145,P=0.002;女童χ2=21.973,P〈0.001）;海淀区重度伤害发生率为0.13%,平谷区为0.51%,其差异性亦具有统计学意义（χ2=6.255,P=0.012）.结论 两区0-6岁儿童的伤害情况均较为严重,应根据城乡伤害发生的特点,有针对性地制定干预措施,预防伤害的发生.

Objective To obtain the data of accidental injury among children aged 0-6 years in Haidian District and Pinggu District of Beijing in families and kindergartens. Methods A total of 2 970 children aged 0-6 years in Haidian District （ city area） and 2 558 in Pinggu District （rural area） were investigated by cluster sampling method. Results The incidence rate of aged 0-6 years child accidental injury in Haidian District was 10.54% （313/2 970）, which was much higher than that in Pinggu District （6.45%, 165/2 558）, and the difference was statistically significant （X2 = 29. 081 ,P 〈 0.001 ）. Both the incidence rates of boys and girls in Haidian Districit were much higher than those in Pinggu District （ Boys, X2 = 9. 145 ,P = 0.002 ; Girls, X2 = 21. 973, P 〈 0.001 ）. The incidence rate of severe injury was significantly higher in Pinggu District （0.51%） than that in I-Iaidian District （0. 13% ）, and the difference was statistically significant （X2 =6. 255, P =0. 012）. Conclusion The injury among children aged 0-6 years in two districts is relatively severe, and the incidence rates of injury and types of injury are different in different areas, genders and age groups. So the intervention of injury should be different.