儿童哮喘控制现状及家长对疾病认知水平调查——西安地区单中心研究

A survey of childhood asthma control situation and awareness of parents about the related knowledge in Xi＇an

目的 了解西安地区儿童哮喘控制现状及患儿家长对哮喘的认知水平,并分析其影响因素,为哮喘规范治疗和管理提供依据.方法 选取在西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院儿童哮喘门诊就诊且哮喘规范化治疗超过6个月的哮喘患儿,采用问卷调查方法,哮喘专科医生与患儿及其家长面对面沟通,可由父母共同参与完成,填写完成后由医生当场核查,并对数据进行统计分析.结果 收集的118例问卷显示：①患儿首次喘息发病年龄平均为5.1±3.7岁,首次喘息发作距确诊哮喘时间为2.3±1.6年;患儿中有55.1%合并过敏性鼻炎、50.0%有湿疹、28.8%有哮喘家族史;②患儿在三甲医院确诊哮喘占67.8%、二级及以下医院确诊占32.2%.89.0%的患儿在哮喘未发作时能够定期复诊,59.3%的患儿在过去12个月内有喘息发作,发作次数平均为4.2±2.5次.78.8%的患儿进行了肺功能检查,32.2%的患儿进行过敏原检测;③51.7%的患儿使用吸入激素与长效β2受体激动剂联合制剂,39.8%单独吸入激素,62.7%的家长选择喘息发作大于3次诊断为哮喘;④家长哮喘知识79.7%来自医生的讲解、44.9%为大众媒体宣传、29.7%为哮喘健康知识讲座.72.9%的家长最希望与医护人员一对一交流获得哮喘知识.结论 通过对儿童哮喘疾病的管理,可改善儿童哮喘的控制与家长对疾病的认知水平.

Objective To investigate the childhood asthma control situation and awareness of parents about the related knowledge in Xi＇ an, and to analyze the influencing factors so as to explore a new method of treatment and management of asthmatic children. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to the asthmatic children and their parents visiting the outpatients department of Second Hospital of Xi＇ an Jiaotong University. Asthma was diagnosed in the children and they were observed for more than 6 months. Results Asthma was diagnosed in children 2.3 ± 1.6 years after the first wheeze that might happen at the age of 5.1 ± 3.7 years. Allergic rhinitis, eczema and inheritance asthma were shown in 55.1%, 50.0% and 28.8% asthmatic children, respectively. There were 67.8% asthmatic children diagnosed in Third Grade hospital and 32.2% in Second Grade hospital or inferior hospitals. 89.0% of patients had regular further consultation in 1-3 months. In the past 12 months, wheezing attacked in 59.3% children, and the average frequency was 4.2 ± 2.5 times. There were 78.8% of children undergoing lung function test and 32.2% receiving allergen test. Current use of inhaled corticosteroid combined with Be agonists was reported by 51.7% of children, and single inhaling corticosteroid by 39.8%. Among the asthma related knowledge acquired by parents, 79.7%, 44.9% and 29.7% was from doctors, media and asthma knowledge lectures, respectively. Conclusion After long term education and management, the asthma control level has been further improved.