未婚青少年非意愿妊娠原因及干预

Causes and intervention of unwanted pregnancy of unmarried adolescents

目的 对青少年未婚非意愿妊娠的相关因素进行分析,寻求降低未婚青少年非意愿妊娠的干预措施.方法 选择2008年6月-2009年12月来枣庄市市中区妇幼保健院行人工流产术的未婚青少年380例进行问卷调查,并对有关数据进行分析.结果 非意愿妊娠未婚青少年中有73.42%未采取任何避孕措施,未避孕原因40.86%无心理准备,35.13%存有侥幸心理,15.41%不知如何避孕.初次性生活年龄18岁以下者占14.74%,18-19岁者占38.42%.34.21%的青少年有1次以上的妊娠史.各年龄组间非意愿妊娠原因、既往妊娠史、获取避孕知识和方法 的途径比较有显著性差异（χ2值分别为14.02、24.51、10.36,均P〈0.01）.结论 未婚青少年生殖健康知识和避孕知识贫乏,自我防范和保护意识较差.媒体、学校、家庭、医疗保健机构应积极参与对青少年生殖健康知识和避孕知识的教育及指导是降低非意愿妊娠的重要措施.

Objective To analyze the related factors of unwanted pregnancy of unmarried adolescents, and then to seek intervention to reduce unwanted pregnancy. Methods A survey was made among 380 unmarried pregnant adolescents accepting abortion in our center from June 2008 to December 2009 and the data were analyzed. Results Among unwanted pregnant adolescents 73.42% didn＇ t take any contraceptive measures. Various causes for nonuse of contraception included unprepared sex intercourse （40. 86% ）, idea of trusting to luck （35.13%） and lack of awareness of contraception （ 15.41% ）. Adolescents whose first sexual intercourse happening before 18 years old counted up to 14.74% , and the adolescents who were 18 and 19 years old when first sexual intercourse happened counted up to 38.42%. 34.21% of adolescents had more than one pregnancy history. The differences in unwanted pregnant causes, pregnancy prior to the current pregnancy, ways to obtain contraceptive knowledge and methods among different groups were significant （X2 = 14.02,24.51, 10.36, all P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The knowledge of reproductive health information and contraception obtained by adolescents is poor, and their self-awareness of prevention and protection is weak. Active participating in educating and guiding adolescents in reproductive and contraceptive information by media, schools, families and medical health care organizations is critical to reduce unwanted pregnancy.