行为转变理论用于手足口病患儿家属的健康教育

Application of transtheoretical model of behavior in health education program for care givers of children with hand-foot-mouth disease

目的提高手足口病患儿家属对疾病的认知水平,加强防护意识。方法应用行为转变理论对400例手足口病患儿家属进行护理干预。前意向阶段和意向阶段,采用手足口病认知调查问卷了解患儿家属对疾病的认知程度;准备阶段,通过发放健康宣传手册、放映幻灯片等形式,提高患儿家属对手足口病的认知水平;行动阶段,及时纠正患儿家属不正确的照顾方式,督促检查患儿日常用品清洁消毒完成情况;维持阶段,鼓励患儿家属巩固已有的行为转变,指正认知中的偏差。结果患儿家属干预后对手足口病的认知水平显著高于干预前(均P<0.01),其中其对传染源、食品卫生、个人卫生、保护性隔离的认知评分达到80分以上。结论应用行为转变理论可以提高患儿家属对手足口病的认知水平。

Objective To improve the knowledge level of care givers of children with hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD）.Methods Totally,400 HFMD children were admitted,and their care givers were educated with trans-theoretical model of behavior（TTM）.At the precontemplation and contemplation stages,care givers were investigated in term of their understanding of HFMD by using a questionaire.At the preparation stage,nurses issued health pamphlets,played powerpoints slices for care givers in an attempt to improve their knowledge level.At the action stage,nurses made right care givers′ uncorrect caring behaviors,and supervised disinfection of children′s personal articles.At the maintenance stage,nurses encouraged care givers to maintain proper behavior,and pointed out the misunderstandings in their cognition.Results After the intervention,care givers′ knowledge level of HFMD was significantly higher than that before the intervention（P〈0.01 for all）.And they scored more than 80 points in the items of source of infection,food hygiene,personal sanitation,and protective isolation.Conclusion TTM can improve care givers′ knowledge level of HFMD.