美国轨道交通公共安全和应急响应规划及启示

Emergency Planning and Enlightenment of American Rail Transit Public Safety

系统地介绍和分析了美国政府开展公共安全建设的经验，包括建立安全目标，授权、措施、组织机构、安全资源、成果和执行等的推动，建立安全和响应规划的步骤，安全能力评估、风险评估、安全培训和演习等安全工具、方法和程序。认为强调领导作用、职责落实，政府直接指导和干预企业安全建设，加强系统安全、注重与社会环境安全建设的协调，规范化、程序和制度建设等，是美国轨道交通安全建设的突出特点。

Abstract With a general introduction of the security planning and emergency plan for rail transit in the United States, including security goals, power of attorney （POA）, measures, organization, security sources, achievements, implementation, schedules of the planning, security capabilities and risk assessment, security training and exercises, as well as other security tools, methods and procedures, this paper argues that the prominent characteristics and salutary lessons China should learn are the leadership, explicit responsibility, direct intervention of government, enterprise＇s security measurements, system safety and its coordination with the society, as well as the standardization, program and institution about URT security.