西部贫困农村5岁以下儿童营养状况与医疗费用关系的研究

Effects of nutritional status on clinical expenditure of children under 5 years old in western poverty rural areas

目的分析西部贫困农村5岁以下儿童营养状况与医疗费用的关系。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2009年在西部6省12县贫困农村共调查8141名5岁以下儿童。按WHO推荐标准将调查儿童分为营养不良与营养良好两组,用SAS 9.1软件进行分析比较。结果西部贫困农村5岁以下儿童营养不良率为18.9%;男孩营养不良率(19.9%)显著高于女孩(17.7%,P<0.05);营养不良组近两周内腹泻患病率(9.0%)以及上呼吸道感染患病率(27.9%)显著高于营养良好组(6.9%,25.4%,P<0.05);营养不良组的医疗费用(785.1元)显著高于营养良好组的医疗费用(696.6元,P<0.05);营养不良儿童的门诊就诊率(27.5%)显著高于营养良好儿童的门诊就诊率(25.0%,P<0.05)。结论西部贫困农村儿童营养不良问题仍有待改善,营养状况对儿童的患病率及医疗费用有影响。

Objective To study the effects of nutritional status on clinical expenditure of children under 5 years old in western poverty rural areas.Methods The randomized multi-stage cluster method was used to sample study subjects from poverty rural areas of six western provinces in China.The survey included 8141 children under 5 years old and was carried out in 2009.All of children were divided into two groups,malnutrition group and normal group by WHO standard.Difference of two groups was analyzed with SAS 9.1.Results In western poverty rural areas,the malnutrition rate of children under 5 years old was 18.9%.The rate for boys（19.9%） was significantly higher than that for girls（17.7%,P0.05）.Malnutrition group had higher rate of upper respiratory tract infection（27.9%） and diarrhea（9.0%） than those in normal group（25.4% and 6.9%） within recent two weeks（P0.05）.Mean clinical expenditure of malnutrition group was 785.1 yuan per year,significantly higher than that of normal group（696.6 yuan,P0.05）.Also outpatient clinical rate of malnutrition group was higher than that of normal group（27.5% vs 25.0%,P0.05）.Conclusion The current study indicated that malnutrition was still serious health problem among children under 5 years old in western poverty areas.It would affect children＇s health and clinical expenditure.