宋艺术的气韵与格局

On Spirit and Pattern of Arts in Song Dynasty

中国文化的进程由鼎盛期的唐代过渡到转型期的宋代,由开放的唐文化过渡到封闭的宋文化,由古典文化的巅峰过渡到近代文化的滥觞,完成了一次极大的历史转折与精神递嬗。唐人那种恢宏阔大、博约高涨、豪放外向、爽朗自信的气魄从此失去,代之而起的是宋人克制自持、含而不露、温文儒雅、谨小慎微的心理品性。丰裕和有闲使得士大夫阶层充满精力,庄、禅、理的作用使其心境清简,于是他们把目光投向艺术,发挥出极强的创造力,对于古典艺术作了全面的总结与完善化,同时又撷取市井艺术的精华而开辟出生机勃勃的新境界。宋人因而得以郁郁乎文哉的君子风范、厚积薄发的文化修养、幽雅醇清的艺术气质、丰富细腻的审美感受,通过全面而又极富时代特色的创造,修建起一所前无古人后无来者的艺术殿堂,从而彪炳史册,辉映千古。

The Chinese culture has accomplished a huge historical turn and spiritual change from the flourishing Tang Dynasty to the transitional Song period,as the open classical culture at its peak grows into a modern one with closeness.The unconstrained boldness of Tang people is lost ever since,and replaced by the restrained gracefulness and meticulousness.With energy filled by affluence and ease and moods cleansed by Daoism,Buddhism as well as reason,literati and officials turn their eyes to art and express an extremely strong creativity.They make comprehensive summaries and perfections of the classical art,capture the essence of folk art at the same time and blaze a dynamic new trail.With an erudite demeanor of gentlemen,well-grounded cultural accomplishments,graceful temperament of art,abundant yet exquisite appreciation of the beauty,Song people have established an unprecedented artistic palace through their full-scale creations that have extremely distinctive characteristics of the times.