制度研究在社会学中的分化与融合

The Polarization and Integration of the Research on Institutions in Sociology

作为社会学学科的核心研究议题之一,制度历来为社会学家所重视,并业已形成丰硕的研究成果。通过对现存制度研究的梳理,不难发现该领域的研究产生了两种明显的分化:一为偏重制度研究的客观面相,即强调它在对个人行为的强制、约束过程中所表现出来的客观性;二为倾向制度研究的主观面相,认为制度是社会建构的、惯例的再生产程序和规则系统,强调认知过程在制度研究中的作用。这种分化严重割裂了对制度认识的统一性,使制度研究的科学性大打折扣。为了消解这种分化状态,本文受吉登斯结构化理论以及当代许多社会学家对制度研究的启发,尝试用"制度二重性"来取代制度的主客二元对立,将制度的主观和客观面相有机结合而展开研究,以求科学地认识制度。

As one of the core research issues in sociology,the institution has been valued by sociologists all the times,accumulating plenty of accomplishment.Through sorting out the existing institution study,the paper finds out two apparent divisions: one division stresses the objective facet of institutions,that is,it gives prominence to the objectivity of the process that institutions have brought enforcement and restraint to the individuals;the other division places great emphasis on the subjective facet of institutions and regards institutions as system of procedures and rules from the social construction and the reproduction of conventions,emphasizing the function of the cognitive process in institution study.This polarization has split up the consistency of institutions,giving a big discount to the scientific study of institutions.In order to clear up this polarization,with the help of the theory of structuration from Giddens and the institution study from many modern sociologists,using the concept of 'the duality of institution ' to replace the dualism of subjectivity and objectivity of institutions,the paper tries to integrate the subjectivity and objectivity of institutions to study them scientifically.