体育技术创新水平的时空模式与国家专利战略的路径选择

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Sports Technological Innovation and Path Selection of National Patent Strategy for China

国家专利战略已经成为后奥运时代体育技术创新发展的动力,也是我国向体育强国迈进过程中体育科技发展的必然选择。基于专利分析的视角,提出我国体育技术创新水平时空模式的方法论框架,并以2000-2009年间我国31个省市的体育专利为数据源,综合运用Mann-Kendall检验、GIS技术、特化系数、Moran′s I以及LIAS指数,从时间、空间以及时空耦合3个维度分析我国体育技术创新水平的时空变异特征。结果显示,我国体育技术创新水平整体水平不高,总体上呈"东高西低"的空间格局。全国大多数省市的体育专利还属于实用新型和外观设计特化类,只有少部分地区体育发明专利特化系数较高,表明我国体育技术创新结构尚不完善。此外,我国体育技术创新的增长速度具有一定的空间集聚和空间依赖性,增长的热点地区为浙江和江苏两省。结合我国体育技术创新水平的时空模式,建立了国家体育专利战略的空间阻抗模型,从战略源点选择、战略辐射道建设、战略阻力面识别、以及战略阻抗点辨识4方面提出现实路径。

National patent strategy has become the power and engine for sports technological innovation in post - Olympic era. Meanwhile, it is also an inevitable choice for sports technological development indispensable to make China as sport power. What is proposed in this article is a patent - based methodology framework for analyzing the patterns of sports technological innovation in China. It is done from three aspects of time, space and space - time coupling, which integrates Mann - Kendall test, GIS technology, specialization coefficient, and meanwhile, Moran＇s I and the LIAS index are simultaneously employed. Results reveal that the overall level of sports technological innovation is not high and it shows a spatial pattern of ＂East high, West low＂. Patents of most provinces or cities belong to sports utility model patent and design special classes, and only a few exhibit high invention patents coefficient, denoting that the structure of sports technological innovation is not perfect. In addi- tion, growth rate of sports technological innovation present some spatial aggregation and dependence, and the increasing hot spots are Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province. Based on the above results, a powerful sport nation oriented patent strategy spatial model is developed, and a realistic path is proposed from four aspects： source point, radiation axis, resistance surface and impedance point, aiming to provide some references for implementation of national patent strategy.