广东碣石湾污损生物生态研究

An ecological study on the fouling community in Jieshi Bay,Guangdong

2008年5月至2009年4月,对广东碣石湾海域进行周年污损生物挂板试验,本次调查共记录该海域污损生物86种,多属于亚热带沿岸的广布种,其中优势种为网纹纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulatus)、翡翠股贻贝(Perna viridis)、太平洋侧花海葵(Anthopleura pacifica)、水云(Ectocarpus sp.)等。该海域全年均有污损生物附着,月板平均生物量为1198.93 g/㎡,5—9月生物附着量较高,最高为7月;季板平均生物量为2265.44 g/㎡,生物群落的种类组成和生物量变化明显,夏、秋季主要种类为无柄蔓足类,冬、春季主要为藻类和水螅,以夏季板生物量最高;翡翠股贻贝(Perna viridis)为下半年板(5—10月)和年板附着生物的绝对优势种,生物量所占比例分别达95.11%和92.43%。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均以春季最高,冬季次之,秋季最低;而Margalef丰富度指数则以春季最高,夏季最低。多元统计分析表明,碣石湾海域污损生物群落可划分为3个组群,即第Ⅰ组群包括冬季和春季,第Ⅱ组群包括秋季,第Ⅲ组群包括夏季、上半年、下半年和全年,揭示出污损生物附着季节、演替时间长短等是影响群落种类组成的重要因素。并根据试验结果,给出该海域污损生物的防除建议。

From May 2008 to April 2009,an annual panel test on fouling organisms was carried out in Jieshi Bay,Guangdong.During the experiment period,a total number of 86 species of fouling organisms were recorded.Most of the species were widely distributed on the sub-tropical coast.The dominant species were Amphibalanus reticulatus,Perna viridis,Anthopleura pacifica,Ectocarpus.Biofouling occurred all the year round,but the main period of settlement extended from May to September.The monthly average biomass of fouling organisms was 1198.93 g/㎡ and the highest amount appeared in June.The seasonal average biomass was 2265.44 g/㎡and the highest season is summer.The species composition and biomass exhibited a distinct shift of season.The main species were Balanus in summer and autumn,and Alage and Coelenterate in spring and winter.Perna viridis was the mainly dominant species on the semiannual（May to October） and annual test panels,accounting for 95.11% and 92.43% of the total biomass respectively.Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou＇s evenness index were at the highest level in spring,middle level in winter,and the lowest level in autumn.The highest and the lowest Margalef richness indices were recorded separately in spring and summer.The analysis of multivariate methods showed that three groups were identified for fouling community in Jieshi Bay.GroupⅠ included winter and spring,groupⅡ autumn,and groupⅢ summer,semiannual and annual test panels.The analysis revealed that submersion season and succession period played an important factor in species composition of the community.Different suggestions on biocontrol are given according to the results.