黑龙江省2009年水稻障碍型冷害评估

Evaluation of Sterile-Type Rice Cold Injury in Heilongjiang Province in 2009

利用2009年6—8月逐日、逐时平均气温,根据日冷积温与水稻空壳率的关系以及敏感期内水稻敏感群体数量分布概率,评估水稻发生障碍型冷害而导致的空壳率及减产率。结果表明:2009年黑龙江省水稻种植区均发生了不同程度的障碍型冷害,总空壳率在10%以上,三江平原水稻减产程度重于松嫩平原,这与实际情况基本吻合。该方法是在明确水稻低温生理反应和冷害机制的基础上建立的,考虑了水稻进入敏感期的时间动态变化,优于采用平均气温、气温距平等为指标的评估方法,提高了障碍型冷害评估的量化程度及精确度。

A phased low temperature occurred in the summer of 2009 in Heilongjiang Province,resulting in a sterile-type rice cool injury,during which the field crops had varying degrees of delayed-type cool injury and fertility postponement.Through calculating the daily cool accumulated temperature according to its relationship with the rice emptygrain rate and the probability distribution of the number of sensitive rice groups during sensitive periods,the rice emptygrain rates and loss rates caused by the sterile-type rice cold injury are assessed by means of the day-to-day and hour-to-hour mean temperature from June to August 2009.On the basis of the clear physiological responses of rice to low temperature and cool injury,the assessment method is described,from the view of the dynamic temporal changes of rice during sensitive stages,which is superior to the assessment methods of adopting average temperature or temperature anomaly as indicators and can improve the precision and quantification of assessment.