小学生同伴暴力发生现状及与暴力信念和相关技能的关系

Prevalence of peer violence and its relation with violence belief and related skills in primary students

目的:了解小学生同伴暴力发生现状及其与暴力信念和相关技能的关系。方法:采用方便取样,选取河南省某县城4所小学四至六年级的1526名小学生(其中男生891人,女生635人),调查暴力攻击、暴力受害以及移情能力、自我控制能力、合作技能和暴力攻击信念等。结果:1526名学生中,近一年来暴力攻击和暴力受害的发生率分别为55.8%和75.6%。男生暴力攻击和暴力受害的发生率均高于女生;随着年级的升高,暴力攻击和暴力受害的发生率呈下降趋势。与无暴力攻击和无暴力受害的学生相比,有暴力攻击和暴力受害的学生表现出较低的移情能力、自我控制能力、合作技能和较强的暴力攻击信念;控制年级和性别因素后,自我控制能力和合作技能是暴力攻击和暴力受害的保护因素,而暴力攻击信念是危险因素。结论:调查地区小学生同伴暴力问题严重。同伴暴力与暴力攻击信念、低的自我控制能力和合作技能相关。应重视以生活技能为基础的学校预防暴力教育研究。

Objective： To explore the prevalence of peer violence and its associations with violence belief and related skills among primary school students. Methods： A convenient sample of 1526 students（ 891 boys and 635 girls） who were in grade 4 to grade 6 of 4 primary school, participated in the survey. The participants completed self- report anonymous questionnaires measuring their behaviors of aggression, victimization and their empathy, self-con- trol, cooperation skills and beliefs about aggression. Results： Among the 1526 students, 55.8% of them aggressed their classmates and 75.6% were victims in the past 1 year. Compared with girls, more boys were involved in ag- gression and victimizatiorL The prevalence of aggression and victimization were both decreased along with grade in- creased. Compared to students who were not involved in aggression or victimization, corresponding students who were involved in aggression and victim had lower scores in empathy, self control, cooperation skills and higher score in belief about aggression. After adjusting the factors of grade and sex, self-control and cooperation skills were pro- tect factors of aggression and victimization, and belief about aggression was risk factor. Conclusion： Peer violence is a serious problem in survey area, which is associated with higher belief about aggression, lower self-control and lower cooperation skills. It is important to carry out health education based on life skills to prevent violence.