量刑规范化改革之基准刑问题

Problems on Reference Sentence in the Standardization of Criminal Sentencing Reform

基准刑之于量刑步骤的确立是至关重要的,其所起到的作用是架起法定刑迈入宣告刑间的桥梁。基准刑的确立应该是一个点,而在一个法定刑内应该具有多个基准刑的点,这是因为立法与司法判断对基准刑的要求是不同的。《量刑规范指导意见》将基准刑的确定标准规定为一个过程,用公式表达就是基准刑=量刑起点(基本犯罪构成事实承担)+应增加的刑罚量(排除量刑情节的其他情节)。这种做法当然有其合理性,但是绝对数字化的方式也将使基准刑的寻找存在着一些无法周延的难题。

Reference sentence is essential in the establishment of Criminal sentencing procedure, setting a bridge between legal punishment and declaratory sentence. The establishment of benchmarks should be a penalty point, and within a legal punishment there should be multiple reference points, for the requirements of reference sentence in legislature and judiciary are different. ＂Specification for guidance on senten- cing＂ views the benchmark standards for the determination of punishment as a process, in formula it is reference sentence = starting point of sentence （basic facts to constitute a crime） ＋ penalty amount that should increase （excluding sentencing of other circumstances）. This approach is reasonable, but the absolute digital basis of the approach will also make a sentence not circumspect to find some problems.