西汉盐铁会议上的“过秦”与“道秦”

On the Debate between "Criticizing Qin" and " Admiring Qin" at the Salt-iron Conference in the Western Han Dynasty

西汉盐铁会议上,贤良文学与桑弘羊等人曾对秦朝历史的系列问题展开了激烈的争辩,出现了"过秦"与"道秦"的两种不同声音。贤良文学的"过秦"是汉初"过秦"思潮的继承和延续,意在引起人们对秦朝速亡教训的思考和警觉,从而论证调整政策的必要性和迫切性。但也存在着对秦朝的历史地位肯定不足,对法治主义全盘否定的历史局限。以桑弘羊为首的部分执政者,赞扬秦朝的历史人物,肯定秦朝的历史地位,意在坚持以法家思想为指导的政治路线,维持汉武帝时期盐铁专营、均输平准的经济政策。他们一改汉代"过秦"的旧论,突破对秦朝历史"不敢道"的藩篱,在对秦朝历史的研究与评价上是有贡献、有突破的。

At the Salt-iron Conference,Confucian Scholars called Xian-Liang-Wen-Xue,and Sang Hongyang debate vigorously on some issues about the history of Qin Dynasty,the former criticizing Qin while the latter admiring it.The Scholars＇ criticizing is nothing but the continuation of that of the Han Dynasty,and they just try to alarm the countrymen of the ephemerality of Qin Dynasty,manifesting the necessity and urgency of the reformation.However,they make too light of Qin Dynasty and consider the nomocracy wholly wrong.Some ministers,leading by Sang Hongyang,speak highly of Qin Dynasty and its elites,aiming at keeping the Legalism as instructing political idea and maintaining the economic policy of Han Wudi.By attempting to admiring Qin rather than criticizing it indiscriminately,they make a great contribution to the study and comment on the Qin Dynasty.