舟山海岛儿童血清过敏原检测分析

Serum IgE measurement and the detection of allergens for pediatric patients in Zhoushan islands

目的研究舟山海岛地区过敏性疾病患儿的过敏原分布特点,为临床诊断,治疗及预防提供依据。方法采用酶免疫分析法(ELISA),对患儿的血清样本进行过敏总IgE抗体体外检测呈阳性的475例进行总结分析。结果明确有过敏原的380例(80.00%),其中单一过敏原阳性为87例(18.32%),2种及以上过敏原阳性293例(61.68%)。吸入性过敏原阳性率较高的是螨虫(38.31%)、屋尘(12.21%)、真菌组合(2.53%);食入性过敏原阳性率较高的是鱼类(6.53%)、贝类(6.11%)、豆类(4.21%)。婴幼儿以食物性过敏为主,学龄儿童以吸入性过敏为主。结论螨及鱼类是舟山海岛儿童最常见过敏原,多数患者同时存在多种过敏原。

Objective To determine the characteristics of allergens among clinical children with allergic diseases in Zhoushan islands.Methods A total of 475 children with allegic diseases were tested for serum IgE antibody by enzyme linked immune assay（ELISA） from November,2007 to July,2010.IgE positive specimens were tested for the identification of allergens.Results Allergens were confirmed in 80%（380/475） of serum specimens.Most of the positive specimens had at least 2 allergens（77.1%,293/380）.Single allergen was detected in 22.9%（87/380） of the positive specimens.There were more patients with inhaled allergies（74.47%,283/380） than with food allergies（25.53%,137/380）.Among the patients with inhaled allergies,most（64.31%,182/283） were caused by mite allergen,which was followed by house dust（20.49%,58/283）,fungi combination（4.2%,12/283） and etc.Fish（22.63%,31/137）,shellfish（21.17%,29/137） and beans（14.6%,20/137） were major sources for food allergy.Infants were more likely to be affected by food allergens while school-age children were majorly affected by inhaled allergens.Conclusion Multiple allergens were frequently detected in children with allergies.Food and inhaled allergens played different roles in infants and school-age children.