非正式制度对村民自治的负效应及创新

On the Negative Effects of Informal Institutions on the Villagers’ Self-governing and Their Innovation

在对非正式制度理论阐释的基础上,本文分析了非正式制度对村民自治的负效应:官本位思想导致村民自治组织的自治功能弱化;小农意识和臣民思想导致农民参与的内在动力弱化;宗族组织的介入导致村民自治中的民主性弱化。促进村民自治有效运作的非正式制度创新构想在于:塑造民主、法制理念以替代官本位思想和臣民思想;塑造现代市场经济理念以替代农民的小农思想;强化农村合作经济组织的功能以削弱宗族组织对村民自治的影响。本文研究的政策启示在于:要顺利推进村民自治,就要加快政府职能转变,改善政府对非正式制度构建的引导和管理;加大农村教育投资,大力发展农村文化教育事业;健全学习机制、增强农民的学习能力。

Based on the theory of informal institution,this paper has analyzed the negative effects of informal institutions on the villagers’ self-governing.That is,ranking of thought leads to a weakening of the self-governing function of villagers’ self-governing institution;traditional peasants’ or feudal subjects’ ideas are barriers to their active participation;and involve-ment of clan organizations prevents the development of democracy.Overall,the institutional innovations are： developing dem-ocratic and legal awareness to replace ranking of thought,adhering to the idea of modern market economy to replace traditional peasants’ thought,etc.It is suggested in the paper that the governments should improve their functions to help with the con-struction of informal institutions,increase investment to develop rural education and perfect relevant mechanisms to strengthen farmers’ learning ability.