一维抑或三维:马克思恩格斯“个人”概念的历史面向

One-Dimensional or Three-Dimensional:The Historical Faces of the concept of "Individual" in the Philosophy of Marx and Engels

过往学术界多在社会性维度下阐释"个人"这一概念,也即把"个人"放在其与社会的辩证关系中进行理解,对"个人"概念的理解存在着认识上的偏差和不足。马克思恩格斯的"个人"概念应该包含这样两层内涵:其一,社会性的"个人"是马克思恩格斯哲学中"个人"概念的主要维度。其二,自然性的、社会性的和关系性的"个人"是依次递展的三个维度。只有将这两个方面结合起来,才能揭示出马克思恩格斯哲学中"个人"概念的真实历史面向。

＂Individual＂ is an important concept in the philosophy of Marx and Engels.In a certain sense,this concept is the foundation of historical materialism.However,academia often interprets this concept from the angle of different social dimensions,namely,it interprets it in terms of the dialectical relationship between individual and society.This interpretation,therefore,bears certain windages and deficiencies.The concept of ＂individual＂ of Marx and Engels contains two meanings as follows：Firstly,social＂individual＂is the main dimension in the philosophy of Marx and Engels.Secondly,the natural,social and relational＂individual＂are the three Progressive dimensions.Only by combining these two aspects,can the real historical faces of this concept in the philosophy of Marx and Engels be revealed.