现状与实效:国民政府时期救灾监督方式与效果研究——限于1927-1937年的考察

Actuality and Utility:Study on the Supervision Mode and It's Impact in Natural Disaster Relief during the Nationalist Government

国民政府时期为提升救灾成效,政府采用因果报应、民间监督、常规视察、制度监督等一系列方式对官赈过程进行监督,民间则采用业报轮回、自身监督、官方监督、大众监督等方式以保证义赈的效果。但救灾成效平平,贪污盛行,监督低效。反思历史,应进一步激发和催生公民的社会意识和监督意识、健全社会和制度监督机制、加强对救灾过程的全程监督管理、提高救灾款物的公开性和透明度、加大宣传教育力度。

In order to improve the impact of natural disaster relief,the nationalist government adopted a number of supervision modes in the process of official disaster relief,such as karma,civilian supervision,conventional inspection,system for monitoring,and so on.In order to ensure the effect of charity relief,the people adopted a range of supervision methods： karma and reincarnation,self-monitoring,official supervision,public oversight,and so on.But,the reasons of the KMT＇s one-party dictatorship,the people having no right,coupled with a serious personal nature and other made the effectiveness of the disaster relief flat,corruption rampant,and supervision inefficient during the national government.Reflected on history,the social consciousness of citizens should be further stimulated and nourished,the social and institutional supervision mechanism should be improved,the whole process of supervision and management of disaster relief should be strengthened and the openness and transparency of disaster relief funds and materials should be improved.