法律规则与法官经验交叉视角下的司法推定技术

An Analysis of Judicial Presumption In the Perspective of Legal Rules and Judge's Experiences

法律拟制、推定和推论既相互关联又相互区别。推定作为法律规则既具有刚性的一面,又具有柔性的一面。从法官的经验和自由评断证据角度看,推定规则的确在一定条件和范围内构成对法官自由心证的一定限制和局部侵蚀,但仍为法官的自由心证预留了适度的空间。推定规则、推定制度是在更高层面上表现为司法证明过程中案件事实查明的客观性要求和法官主观能动性发挥这一对基本矛盾平衡、调合的产物。

Legal fiction,presumption and inference are both relevant and different from one another.Judicial presumption,as a legal rule,is both a ＂hard＂ rule and a ＂soft＂ rule.Viewed from judge＇s experience,although judicial presumption certainly constitutes,in some degree,a limitation and erosion to the free valuation of the weight of evidence,it remains to keep enough room for it.Presumption and presumption system realize a fundamental balance between the need of objectivity and the need of subjectivity in the process of fact-finding.