肇庆市大中专院校新生生存质量状况及健康相关知识行为分析

Survival quality and health related knowledge behavior of college students in Zhaoqing City

目的分析当代大中专院校新生健康相关状况。方法采用WHO-QOL-BREF量表及自编健康相关状况调查问卷,用整群抽样法匿名调查肇庆市6所大中专院校部分新生,调查内容包括:人口学特征(4项)、生存质量评价(4个领域和2条独立条目)、健康常识(10项)、日常健康相关行为(7项)、应急生存技能知识(10项)、校园健康教育服务需求(2项),用t检验分析不同人口学特征人群的生存质量差异,用等级有序因变量logistic回归方法分析自评生存质量及健康满意度的影响因素。结果 1 825份有效分析问卷,本科专科生、中专生各占69.6%、30.4%,男女生各占49.9%、50.1%;新生生存质量表中生理领域、心理领域、社会关系、环境领域4个领域得分分别是14.46、14.20、14.96、12.77分(每个领域满分为20分);自评生存质量为"好"的、健康满意度为"满意"的各占52.5%(958人)、51.5%(940人)。Logistic回归分析综合自评生存质量中专生比本专生、男生比女生自感差(OR分别为0.582、0.724);自感健康满意度中专生比本专生低(OR为0.625);健康常识认知率以肺结核、乙肝认知率最低,分别为35.7%、34.7%;日常健康相关行为以持续上网时间过长最严重,其中持续上网时间>2 h占69.6%;应急救护常识以人工呼吸方法认知率最低,占26.8%;有心事时选择学校心理辅导员、教师倾诉比例仅占5.3%、1.2%;选择观看影片健康教育形式的比例最高,占48.9%。结论肇庆市大中专新生总体生存质量优于异地历史相似人群,中专生综合自感生存质量较本专生差;重点疾病知识认知率低及应急救护知识认知率低;多种危害健康日常行为问题突出。中专生是今后大中专院校心理健康促进工作的重点目标人群。

Objective To analyze the health status of contemporary college students. Methods The WHO-QOL-BREF scale, anonymous and self health-related condition survey and cluster sampling method were used to survey a part of college freshmen in six colleges in Zhaoqing City. The questionnaire included the basic situation of students （4 items）, survival Evaluation of Quality of Life Scale （4 fields and 2 independent entries）, health knowledge （10 items）, daily health-related behaviors （7 items）, emergen- cy survival skills knowledge （10 items）, and the campus health service needs （2 items）. The t-test was used to analyze the differences among population characteristics in quality of life total score, and level vari- able logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the demographic characteristics on quality of life and health self-assessment of satisfaction. Results A total of 1 825 valid questionnaires were received, of which, 69.6% were college students and 30.4% were secondary school students; and male and female students accounted for 49.9% and 50.1% , respectively. Physiological, psychological, social, and environment scores were 14.46, 14.20, 14.96, and 12.77 （full marks were 20 for each item）. Comprehensive self-assessment survival quality as ＂ Good＂ and health satisfaction for ＂ Satisfied＂ were 52.5% （958） and 51.5% （940） , respectively. The logistic rating analysis result showed that comprehensive self-assess-merit of the secondary school students was worse than that of college students, and boys was worse than girls （OR = 0. 582, 0.742） ; self-health satisfaction of the secondary school students was lower than that of college students （OR =0. 625）. In 10 key health areas, the knowledge awareness rates of tuberculosis and hepatitis B were the lowest, 35.7% and 34.7% , respectively. In 7 daily health-related behaviors, the most serious behavior was taking long time surfing online, of which 69.6% was longer than 2 hours and more, In 10 emergency medical knowledge, artificial respiration method was got the lowest recognition rate, accounting for 26.8%. In the proportion of confidant selection, school counselors and teachers were the lowest chosen, accounting for 5.3% and 1.2% respectively. However, choosing to watch movies was at the highest proportion of health education, accounting for 48.9%. Conclusion In this study, the college students of special health and quality of life was better than the secondary school students. Therefore, sec- ondary school students should be the important target population to focus on mental health promotion in the future.