法家在“智”的实践层面的运思轨迹

Legalists' View on Practice of"Wisdom"

法家从人性的弱点出发,认为法度开始于人不得为非的设定,而不是对人自觉为善的指望。法家强调力量、智慧,主张凝聚民力来发展社会生产,推崇通过功效的追求来保证人的生活;宣扬依照能力来承担具体的社会事务,担当具体的社会角色,在较强的角色意识支撑下司职尽能,而且具有强烈的规范意识;重视智慧,认为既仁且智是最高的境界。由于智慧是人能力的表现,存在个人主观随意性,所以,智慧必须在法度的轨道上运行。这就为智慧行为的实践设定了客观的标准,这些至今仍具有积极的意义。

Starting from weakness in human nature,Legalists maintain that laws result from the rule that human should not commit crimes instead of the expectation that human will do good voluntarily.Legalists advocate uniting people＇s power to develop social production and pursuing efficiency to guarantee people＇s life.They maintain that people should shoulder social responsibility according to their own ability and do their best for social development. They attach great importance to wisdom and think that people with wisdom and benevolence at the same time is the best one.Since wisdom is the reflection of people＇s ability and thus subjectively random,so they think that wisdom must be practiced in accordance with laws,which sets an objective standard for the practice of wisdom and is still of positive significance today.